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What is Government?
Definition:
A government is a body of individuals with the power to manage and direct the affairs of a country or state.
Functions of a Government:
- Governments make decisions and implement actions.
- They address various social issues.
- They manage essential services like postal and railway systems.
- They protect national borders and maintain international relations.
- They ensure citizens have access to food and healthcare.
- They organize relief efforts during natural disasters like tsunamis and earthquakes.
- They handle legal disputes and criminal cases through the court system.
Government Operations:
- Governments lead, make decisions, and enforce them for the benefit of the people within their jurisdiction.
Levels of Government:
Local Level: Governs villages, towns, or localities.
State Level: Governs entire states, such as Haryana or Assam.
National Level: Governs the entire country.
Laws and Governance:
- Governments create laws that everyone in the country must follow.
- Without laws, the government’s decision-making power is ineffective.
Types of Government:
Monarchy:
- A system where a king or queen has the authority to make decisions and govern.
- The monarch may consult a small group, but the final decisions rest with them.
Democracy:
- A system where the people rule themselves by participating in decision-making.
Representative Democracies: People elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
Voting Rights:
- Historically, only property-owning, educated men could vote.
Universal Adult Franchise:
- A true democracy allows all adults to vote.
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